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About Mobile Phones





The mobile phone or cell phone is a long-range, portable [electronic device] used for mobile communication.In addition to the standard voice function of a [telephone], current mobile phones can support many additional [GSM services] such as [Short message service] for [text messaging], [email], [packet switching] for access to the [Internet], and [Multimedia Messaging Service] for sending and receiving [photo]s and [video]. Most current mobile phones connect to a [cellular network] of [base station]s ([cell site]s), which is in turn interconnected to the [public switched telephone network] ([PSTN]) (the exception is [satellite phone]s).

History Cellstar 500 series ([1992])2. [Nokia] 2110 series ([1994])3. [Nokia] 5120 ([1998])4. [Kyocera] 2135 ([2002])5. [Audiovox] CDM8300 ([2002])6. [Samsung] SCH-A650 ([2004])

There is one U.S. patent, Patent Number 887357 for a wireless telephone, issued 1908 to [Nathan Stubblefield] of [Murray, Kentucky]. He applied this to "cave radio" telephones and not directly to cellular telephony as we know it today. However, the introduction of cells for mobile phone base stations, invented in 1947 by [Bell Labs] engineers at [AT&T], was further developed by Bell Labs during the 1960s. [Radiophone]s have a long and varied history going back to [Reginald Fessenden]'s invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the [Second World War] with military use of radio telephony links and [civil service]s in the 1950s, while hand-held cellular radio devices have been available since 1983. Due to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, mobile phone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, outstripping the growth of [fixed telephony].

In 1945, the zero generation ([0G]) of mobile telephones was introduced. 0G mobile telephones, such as [Mobile Telephone Service], were not officially categorized as mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of channel frequency during calls, which allows the user to move from one cell (the base station [coverage (telecommunication)] area) to another cell, a feature called "[Handoff]".

In 1984, [Bell Labs] invented such a "call handoff" feature, which allowed mobile-phone users to travel through several cells during the same conversation. [Motorola] is widely considered to be the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for handheld use in a non-vehicle setting. Using a modern, if somewhat heavy portable handset, Motorola manager [Martin Cooper] made the first call on a handheld mobile phone on [April 3], [1973]. BBC interview with Martin Cooper

The first commercial cellular network was launched in Japan by [Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone] in 1979. Fully automatic cellular networks were first introduced in the early to mid 1980s (the [1G] generation) with the [Nordic Mobile Telephone] (NMT) system in 1981. This was followed by a boom in mobile telephone usage, particularly in Northern Europe.

The first "modern" network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by [Radiolinja] (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in [Finland] on the GSM standard which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms when Radiolinja challenged incumbent [Telecom Finland] (now part of [TeliaSonera]) who ran a 1G NMT network. A decade later, the first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.Until the early [1990s], most mobile phones were too large to be carried in a jacket pocket, so they were typically installed in vehicles as [car phone]s. With the [miniaturization] of digital components, mobile phones have become increasingly handy over the years.

Manufacturers The mobile phone manufacturers can be grouped into two. The top five are available in practically all countries and comprise about 75% of all phones sold. A second tier of small manufacturers exists with phones mostly sold only in specific regions or for niche markets. The top five in order of market share are Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, SonyEricsson and LG.

[Nokia Corporation] is currently the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones, with a global device market share of approximately 36% in Q1 of 2007. Nokia − Quarterly information, 2007 Other mobile phone manufacturers include [Apple Inc.], [Audiovox] (now [UT Starcom]), [Benefon], [BenQ], [High Tech Computer], [Fujitsu], [Kyocera], [LG Group] Mobile, [Mitsubishi], [Motorola], [NEC Corporation], [Neonode], [Panasonic] (Matsushita Electric), [Pantech Curitel], [Philips], [Research In Motion], [SAGEM], [Samsung], [Sanyo], [Sharp Corporation], [Siemens AG], [Sierra Wireless], [SK Teletech], [Sonim Technologies], [Sony Ericsson], [TCL Corporation],[Toshiba], and [Verizon]. There are also specialist communication systems related to (but distinct from) mobile phones.

Subscriptions trains uses cellular technology.Several countries, including the [UK], now have more mobile phones than people. CIA World Factbook - UK There are over five hundred million active mobile phone accounts in China, as of 2007. [Luxembourg] has the highest mobile phone [Market penetration] rate in the world, at 164% in December 2001. In [Hong Kong] the penetration rate reached 117% of the population in September 2004. Telecom milestones, Office of the Telecommunications Authority, Hong Kong. The total number of mobile phone subscribers in the world was estimated at 2.14 billion in 2005. The subscriber count reached 2.7 billion by end of 2006 according to Informa. Around 80% of the world's population enjoys mobile phone coverage [as of 2006]. This figure is expected to increase to 90% by the year [2010]. Up to 90 percent of globe to have mobile coverage

At present, Africa has the largest growth rate of cellular subscribers in the world, its markets expanding nearly twice as fast as [Asia]n markets.The availability of [Prepaid telephone calls] or [Pay as you go (phone)] services, where the subscriber is not committed to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth to a monumental scale in Africa as well as in other continents.

On a numerical basis, India is the largest growth market, adding about 6 million cell phones every month. With 156.31 million cell phones, market penetration in the country is still low at 17.45% India expects to reach 500 million subscribers by end of 2010.

There are three major technical standards for the current generation of mobile phones and networks, and two major standards for the next generation 3G phones and networks. All European countries and African countries and many Asian countries have adopted a single system, [Global System for Mobile Communications], which is the only technology available on all continents and in most countries and covers over 74% of all subscribers on mobile networks. In many countries, such as the [United States], [Australia], [Brazil], [India], [Japan], and [South Korea] GSM co-exists with other internationally adopted standards such as [CDMA] and TDMA, as well as national standards such as [Integrated Digital Enhanced Network] in the USA and PDC in Japan. Over the past five years several dozen mobile operators (carriers) have abandoned networks on TDMA and CDMA technologies, switching over to GSM.

With third generation (3G) networks, which are also known as IMT-2000 networks, about three out of four networks are onthe WCDMA (also known as UMTS) standard, usually seen as the natural evolution path for GSM and TDMA networks. One in four 3G networks is on the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology. Some analysts count a previous stage in CDMA evolution, CDMA2000 1x RTT, as a 3G technology whereas most standardization experts count only CDMA2000 1x EV-DO as a true 3G technology. Because of this difference in interpreting what is 3G, there is a wide variety in subscriber counts. As of June 2007, on the narrow definition there are 200 million subscribers on 3G networks. By using the more broad definition, the total subscriber count of 3G phone users is 475 million.

While some systems of payment are [Pay as you go (phone)] where conversation time is purchased and added to a phone unit via an Internet account or in shops or ATMs, other systems are more traditional ones where bills are paid by regular intervals. Pay as you go (also known as "pre-pay") accounts were invented simultaneously in Portugal and Italy and today form more than half of all mobile phone subscriptions. USA, Canada, Japan and Finland are among the rare countries left where most phones are still contract-based.

Culture and customs In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones outnumber land-line telephones; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. Cell Phones for Kids Under 15: a Responsible Question In many [young adult]s' households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is banned in some countries, such as [North Korea].

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people to communicate with each other. The [short message service] feature spawned the "[text message]" sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006 (source ITU).

Many telephones offer [Instant messaging] services for simple, easy texting. Mobile phones have Internet service (e.g. [NTT DoCoMo]'s [i-mode]), offering text messaging via e-mail in Japan, South Korea, China, and India. In Europe, 30–40 per cent of internet access is via mobile telephone. Most mobile internet access is much different from computer access, featuring alerts, weather data, e-mail, search engines, instant messages, and game and music downloading; most mobile internet access is hurried and short.

Currently, the mobile telephone is a [fashion] [totem] custom-decorated to reflect the owner's personality. This aspect of the mobile telephony business is, in itself, an industry, e.g. [ringtone] sales exceeded $5 billion in 2006, per Informa.

Etiquette

Mobile telephone use etiquette is an important matter of social discourtesy, phones ringing during funerals, weddings, in toilets, cinemas, and plays. Users often speak loudly, leading to [book shops], [libraries], [bathrooms], [cinemas], doctors' offices, and [Place of worship] prohibiting their uses, and, in some places, the installation of [cell phone jammer] to prevent their use (though in many countries, including the U.S., such equipment is currently illegal). Some new buildings, such as auditoriums, have installed wire mesh in the walls (making it a [Faraday cage]) which prevents signal penetration that does not violate signal jamming laws.

Trains, particularly those involving long-distance services, often offer a "quiet car" where phone use is prohibited, much like the designated non-smoking car in the past. However many users tend to ignore this as it is rarely enforced, especially if the other cars are crowded and they have no choice but to go in the "quiet car". [Mobile phones on aircraft] is also prohibited and many airlines claim in their in-plane announcements that this prohibition is due to possible interference with aircraft radio communications. Shut-off mobile phones do not interfere with aircraft avionics. The nuisance of telephones on while aeroplanes take off and land, is that they disrupt the ground mobile telephone networks.

As customers want to be connected on planes, now several airlines are experimenting with base station and antenna systems installed to the aeroplane, allowing low power, short-range connection of any phones aboard to remain connected to the aircraft's base station. Thus, they would not attempt connection to the ground base stations as during take off and landing. Simultaneously, airlines could offer phone services to their traveling passengers either as full voice and data services, or initially only as SMS text messaging and similar services. Qantas, the Australian airline, is the first airline to run a test airplane in this configuration in the Autumn of 2007. [Emirates] have announced plans to allow limited mobile phone usage on some flights.

In any case, there are inconsistencies between practices allowed by different airlines and even on the same airline in different countries. For example, [Northwest Airlines] may allow the use of mobile phones immediately after landing on a domestic flight within the US, whereas they may state "not until the doors are open" on an international flight arriving in the Netherlands. In April 2007 the US [Federal Communications Commission] officially grounded the idea of allowing passengers to use phones during a flight. FCC says 'no' to cell phones on planes. Yahoo News, [April 3], [2007].

In a similar vein, signs are put up in UK [petrol stations] prohibiting the use of mobile phones, due to possible safety issues. Most schools in the United States have prohibited mobile phones in the classroom, due to the large number of class disruptions that result from their use, the potential for cheating via text messaging, and the possibility of photographing someone without consent. In the UK, possession of a mobile phone in an examination can result in immediate disqualification from that subject or from all that student's subjects.

Use in disaster response The Finnish government decided in 2005 that the fastest way to warn citizens of disasters was the mobile phone network. In Japan, mobile phone companies provide immediate notification of [earthquakes] and other [natural disaster]s to their customers free of charge. In the event of an emergency, [disaster response] crews can locate trapped or injured people using the signals from their mobile phones. An interactive menu accessible through the phone's [Web browser] notifies the company if the user is safe or in distress. In Finland rescue services suggest hikers carry mobile phones in case of emergency even when deep in the forests beyond cellular coverage, as the radio signal of a cellphone attempting to connect to a base station can be detected by overflying rescue aircraft with special detection gear. Also, users in the United States can sign up through their provider for free text messages when an [Amber Alert] goes out for a missing person in their area.

Use by drivers Mobile-phone use while [driving] is common but controversial. While few jurisdictions have banned motorists from using mobile phones while driving outright, some have banned or restricted drivers from using hand-held mobile phones while exempting phones operated in a hands-free fashion. Using a hand-held mobile phone while driving is an impediment to vehicle operation that can increase the risk of [road traffic accident]s. However, some studies have found similarly elevated accident rates among drivers using [Handsfree] phones, suggesting that the distraction of a telephone conversation itself is a significant safety problem. This problem does not apply to conversations with a passenger, as passengers can regulate the flow of conversation according to the perceived level of danger, and also provides a second pair of eyes to spot hazards.

Applications [Mobile news] services are expanding with many organizations providing "on-demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed out by SMS. Mobile telephony also facilitates [activism] and public journalism being explored by [Reuters] and [Yahoo] You Witness News and small independent news companies such as Jasmine News in Sri Lanka. Companies like Monster Monster Mobile are starting to offer mobile services such as job search and career advice. Consumer applications are on the rise and include everything from information guides on local activities and events to mobile coupons and discount offers one can use to save money on purchases. Even tools for creating websites for mobile phones are increasingly becoming available, e.g. Mobilemo.

The total value of mobile data services exceeds the value of paid services on the internet, and was worth 31 billion dollars in 2006 (source Informa). The largest categories of mobile services are music, picture downloads, videogaming, adult entertainment, gambling, video/TV.

Power Mobile phones generally obtain power from [battery (electricity)] which can be recharged from [mains power], a [USB] port or a cigarette lighter socket in a [car]. Formerly, the most common form of cell phone batteries were [nickel metal-hydride], as they have a low size and weight. [Lithium ion battery] batteries are sometimes used, as they are lighter and do not have the voltage depression that nickel metal-hydride batteries do. Many mobile phone manufacturers have now switched to using [Lithium-polymer] as opposed to the older [Lithium-Ion], the main advantages of this being even lower weight and the possibility to make the battery a shape other than strict cuboid. Cell phone manufacturers have been experimenting with alternate power sources.

Features There are significant questions as to who first invented the camera phone, as numerous other people received patents filed in the early 1990s for the device, including David M. Britz of AT&T Research in March of 1994 and [Philippe Kahn], who claims to have first invented it in 1997. The [camera phone] now holds 85% of the mobile phone market. Mobile phones often have features beyond sending text messages and making voice calls, including Internet browsing, music ([MP3]) playback, memo recording, personal organizer functions, [e-mail], instant messaging, built-in cameras and camcorders, [ringtones], games, radio, [Push-to-Talk] (PTT), [infrared] and [Bluetooth] [connectivity], call registers, ability to watch streaming video or download video for later viewing, [video calling] and serve as a [wireless modem] for a PC, and soon will also serve as a console of sorts to online games and other high quality games (e.g. Final Fantasy Agito).

When cellular telecoms services were launched, phones and calls were very expensive and early mobile operators (carriers) decided to charge for all air time consumed by the mobile phone user. This resulted in the concept of charging callers for outbound calls and also for receiving calls. As mobile phone call charges diminished and phone adoption rates skyrocketed, more modern operators decided not to charge for incoming calls. Thus some markets have "Receiving Party Pays" models, in which both outbound and received calls are charged, and other markets have "Calling Party Pays" models, by which only making calls produces costs, and receiving calls is free. An exception to this is international roaming, by which also receiving calls is normally also charged.

The European market adopted a "Calling Party Pays" model throughout the GSM environment and soon various other GSM markets also started to emulate this model. As Receiving Party Pays systems have the undesired effect of phone owners keeping their phones turned off to avoid receiving unwanted calls, the total voice usage rates (and profits) in Calling Party Pays countries outperform those in Receiving Party Pays countries. Consequently, most countries previously with Receiving Party Pays models have either abandoned them or employed alternative marketing methods, such as massive voice call buckets, to avoid the problem of phone users keeping phones turned off.

In most countries today, including [European Union] nations, [United Arab Emirates], [Kazakhstan], [Turkey], [New Zealand], [Korea], [Japan], [Pakistan], [Australia], [Brazil], [Chile], [Colombia], [India], [Maldives], [Peru], [South Africa], [Israel], [Lebanon] and [Jordan] the person receiving a mobile phone call pays nothing. However, in [Hong Kong], [Canada], and the [United States], one can be charged per minute. In the United States, a few carriers are beginning to offer unlimited received phone calls. For the [People's Republic of China] [Chinese mainland], it was reported that both of its two operators will adopt the caller-pays approach as early as January 2007.Amy Gu, "Mainland mobile services to be cheaper", South China Morning Post, [December 18], [2006], Page A1.

Developing countries In some [Developing country] with little telephone [infrastructure], the mobile telephone is the telephony giving poor people access to medical and legal services. Cell phone use in developing countries has quadrupled in the last decade.. The rise of cell phone technology in developing countries is often cited as an example of the [leapfrog effect]. In many remote regions in the third world went literally from having no telecommunications infrastructure to having satellite based communications systems.

Forensics and evidence Law enforcement globally rely heavily upon mobile telephone evidence, to the extent that in the EU the "communications of every mobile telephone user are recorded". The concerns over [terrorism] and terrorist use of technology prompted an inquiry by the [British House of Commons] [Home Affairs Select Committee] into the use of evidence from mobile telephone devices, prompting leading mobile telephone forensic specialists to identify forensic techniques available in this area. Supplementary memorandum submitted by Gregory Smith NIST have published guidelines and procedures for the preservation, acquisition, examination, analysis, and reporting of digital information present on cell phones can be found under the NIST Publication SP800-101., Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2007.

An example of criminal investigations using mobile phones is the initial location and ultimate identification of the terrorists of the [2004 Madrid train bombings]. In the attacks, mobile phones had been used to detonate the bombs. However, one of the bombs failed to detonate, and the [Subscriber Identity Module] card in the corresponding mobile phone gave the first serious lead about the terrorists to investigators. By tracking the whereabouts of the SIM card and correlating other mobile phones that had been registered in those areas, police were able to locate the terrorists.

Human health impacts Since the introduction of mobile phones, concerns have been raised about the potential health impacts from regular use. As mobile phone penetrations grew past fixed landline penetration levels in 1998 in Finland and from 1999 in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the Scandinavian health authorities have run continuous long term studies of effects of mobile phone radiation effects to humans, and in particular children. Numerous studies have reported and most studies consistently report no significant relationship between mobile phone use and health. Studies from the Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and researchers at the Danish Institute of Cancer Epidemiology in Copenhagen for example showed no link between mobile phone use and cancer. Cell Phones Don't Cause Brain Tumors, Study Says No Risk of Cancer using Cell Phone The Danish study only covered analog mobile phone usage up through 1995, and subjects who started mobile phone usage after 1995 were counted as non-users in the study. The health concerns have grown as mobile phone penetration rates throughout Europe reached 80%–90% levels earlier in this decade and prolonged exposure studies have been carried out in almost all European countries again most reporting no effect, and the most alarming studies only reporting a possible effect. However, a study by the [International Agency for Research on Cancer] of 4,500 users found a statistically significant link between tumor frequency and mobile phone use. Europe cell phone study focuses on tumors

The many links to cellphones and sperm quality of cause is a strong scientifically evidence that the radiation emitting from Mobile phones always should be considered as potentially dangerous, even if we don't know all the mechanism behind the already known dangers to living cells and organisms. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study.

Environmental impacts Like all high structures, cellular antenna masts pose a hazard to low flying [aircraft]. Towers over a certain height or towers that are close to [airports] or [heliports] are normally required to have warning lights. There have been reports that warning lights on cellular masts, TV-towers and other high structures can attract and confuse [birds]. [US] authorities estimate that millions of birds are killed near communication towers in the country each year.{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/habitatconservation/communicationtowers.htm |title=Communication Towers and the Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2007-09-26 |publisher=[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -->

An example of the way mobile phones and mobile networks have sometimes been perceived as a threat is the widely reported and later discredited claim that mobile phone masts are associated with the "[Colony Collapse Disorder]" (CCD) which has reduced bee hive numbers by up to 75% in many areas, especially near cities in the US. The Independent newspaper cited a scientific study claiming it provided evidence for the theory that mobile phone masts are a major cause in the collapse of bee populations, with controlled experiments demonstrating a rapid and catastrophic effect on individual hives near masts.Mobile phones were in fact not covered in the study, and the original researchers have since emphatically disavowed any connection between their research, mobile phones, and CCD, specifically indicating that the Independent article had misinterpreted their results and created "a horror story".{{cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/22/news/wireless23.php |title=Wireless: Case of the disappearing bees creates a buzz about cellphones |author=Eric Sylvers |date=April 22, 2007 |publisher=[International Herald Tribune -->{{cite news |title=Researchers: Often-cited study doesn't relate to bee colony collapse |url=http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070422/FOSTERS01/104220119/0/CITIZEN |date=April 22, 2007 |author=Chloe Johnson |publisher=Foster's Online -->{{cite news |title=Cellphone researchers claim data misinterpreted |url=http://colonycollapse.org/content/view/23/33/ |author= |publisher=ColonyCollapse.org -->While the initial claim of damage to bees was widely reported, the corrections to the story were almost non-existent in the media.

Technology .Mobile phones and the network they operate under vary significantly from provider to provider, and country to country. However, all of them communicate through electromagnetic [radio wave]s with a cell site base station, the [Antenna (radio)]s of which are usually mounted on a tower, pole or building.

The phones have a low-power [transceiver] that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, usually not more than 8 to 13 km (approximately 5 to 8 miles) away. When the mobile phone or data device is turned on, it registers with the [Mobile Switching Center], or switch, with its unique identifiers, and will then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming telephone call. The handset constantly listens for the strongest signal being received from the surrounding base stations. As the user moves around the network, the mobile device will "[handoff]" to various cell sites during calls, or while waiting (idle) between calls it will [Mobility management] cell sites.

[Cell site]s have relatively low-power (often only one or two watts) radio transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same [wireless service provider] or to the [PSTN], which includes the networks of other wireless carriers. Many of these sites are camouflaged to blend with existing environments, particularly in scenic areas.

The dialogue between the handset and the cell site is a stream of digital data that includes digitized audio (except for the first generation analog networks). The technology that achieves this depends on the system which the [mobile phone operator] has adopted. The technologies are grouped by generation. The first-generation systems started in 1979 with Japan, are all analog and include AMPS and NMT. Second-generation systems, started in 1991 in Finland, are all digital and include GSM, CDMA and TDMA. Third-generation networks, which are still being deployed, started with Japan in 2001, are all digital, and offer high-speed data access in addition to voice services and include WCDMA (known also as UMTS), and CDMA2000 EV-DO. China will launch a third 3G technlogy on the TD-SCDMA standard. Each network operator has a unique [radio frequency] band.

Books about mobile communication Since 2002, many books have been written on the social impact of mobile phones:
  • Agar, Jon, Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone, 2004 ISBN 1840465417
  • Ahonen, Tomi, m-Profits: Making Money with 3G Services, 2002, ISBN 0-470-84775-1
  • Ahonen, Kasper and Melkko, 3G Marketing 2004, ISBN 0-470-85100-7
  • Glotz, Peter & Bertsch, Stefan, eds. Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society, 2005
  • Katz, James E. & Aakhus, Mark, eds. Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, 2002
  • Kavoori, Anandam & Arceneaux, Noah, eds. The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation, 2006
  • [Paul Levinson], Cellphone: The Story of the World's Most Mobile Medium, and How It Has Transformed Everything!, 2004 ISBN 1-4039-6041-0
  • Ling, Rich, The Mobile Connection: the Cell Phone's Impact on Society, 2004 ISBN 1558609369
  • Ling, Rich and Pedersen, Per, eds. Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere, 2005 ISBN 1852339314
  • Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. Mobile Communication: Essays on Cognition and Community, 2003
  • Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. Mobile Learning: Essays on Philosophy, Psychology and Education, 2003
  • Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics, 2003
  • Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. A Sense of Place: The Global and the Local in Mobile Communication, 2005
  • Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. Mobile Understanding: The Epistemology of Ubiquitous Communication, 2006
  • [Sadie Plant], on the mobile – the effects of mobile telephones on social and individual life, 2001
  • [Howard Rheingold], Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, 2002 ISBN 0738208612


Terminology Related non-mobile-phone systems [Cordless telephone] (portable phone) Cordless phones are standard telephones with radio handsets. Unlike mobile phones, cordless phones use private base stations that are not shared between subscribers. The base station is connected to a land-line. Increasingly, with [wireless local loop] technologies, namely [DECT], the distinction is blurred.[Professional Mobile Radio] Advanced professional mobile radio systems can be very similar to mobile phone systems. Notably, the [IDEN] standard has been used as both a private [trunked radio system] as well as the technology for several large public providers. Similar attempts have even been made to use [TETRA], the European digital PMR standard, to implement public mobile networks.Radio phone This is a term which covers radios which could connect into the telephone network. These phones may not be mobile; for example, they may require a [mains electricity] power supply. Also, they may require the assistance of a human operator to set up a [PSTN] phone call.

Terms in various countries See also {||- valign=top| align=left |
  • [Cell Broadcast]
  • Cell phone generations: [0G], [1G], [2G], [2.5G], [2.75G], [3G] and [4G].
  • [Clamshell]
  • [Comparison of mobile phone standards]
  • [BitPim], mobile phone content managing program
  • [BlackBerry]
  • [Cellular repeater]
  • [Driver-Attentive Notification System]
  • [Dropped call]
  • [Dead zone (cell phone)]
  • [E-waste]
  • [Flip phone]
  • [Global Positioning System] (GPS)
  • [Globalstar]
  • [Iridium (satellite)]
  • [Inmarsat]
  • [Japanese mobile phone culture]
  • [List of mobile network operators]
  • [Location-based service] and [GSM localization]
  • [Location-based game]
  • [Marine and mobile radio telephony]
  • Manufacturers & models:
    • [List_of_Nokia_products#Mobile_phones]
  • [Missed call]
  • [Mobile publishing]


| align=left |
  • [Mobile development]
    • [Java ME]
    • [MIDlet]
    • [BREW] (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless)
  • [Mobile gambling]
  • [Mobile learning]
  • [moblog] – mobile weblog
  • [Mobile payment]
  • [Mobile dating]
  • [Mobile games]
  • [Over The Air Programmable]
  • [Pager]
  • [Push to talk]
  • [Ringxiety]
  • [Semacode]
  • [Signal strength]
  • [Subscriber Identity Module] (SIM)
  • [SIM lock]
  • [Smartphone]
  • [Social positioning method]
  • [SMS gateways]
  • [Thuraya]
  • [TuxPhone] – an Open Source Mobile Phone
  • [QR Code]
  • [Voice recognition]
  • [Wireless Application Protocol] Wireless Application Protocol
  • [Wireless Village] – cell phone instant messaging protocol
  • [Zyb] – online backup for mobile phones


|}

References External links
  • Mobile phone at the [Open Directory Project]
  • The British Library – finding information on the mobile phone industry


Information Reference: Wikipedia.org


Mobile phones

Questions and Answers

Mobile Phones?

Q) I am a bit ancient and new to all this mobile phones business. I signed a 12 month contract about 6 months ago with T mobile. They give me 60 minutes free phoning land lines a month which I can roll over to the following month. Text messaging costs 8p. At present, I am paying £20 month for this service. Since I am new to this mobile phoning, do you think it is a good deal? If not, can I change to another provider/tariff? Would I need to wait until my 12 month contract is over before making any such decisions? If I do decide to go with another network or go on another tariff, would I be able to keep the same phone njmber. If I cannot keep the same number then it would cause problems in that I would have to get in touch with all my friends/colleagues/family etc, to give them the new number. Please advice on the best action to take.

A) Ok, i'll answer your questions 1 by 1. 1 - Yes, you can cancel your contract but you would have to pay for the rest of it. You said it was a 12 months contract signed 6 months ago and you pay 20/month so to cancel it, it would cost you 120. 2 - This is a very bad deal, extremelly expensive! You could have 2 contracts giving you 500 minutes cross network each totally free. 3 - If you don't want to finish your contract you should change your tariff to flext20. It gives you 170 minutes a month, any time, to any mobile or landline. 4 - Yes, if you decide to change network you can keep your number. The best deals i've seen were on www.mymobiledeals.co.uk

mobile phones?

Q) i am really confused about all this mobile phone stuff. I am getting my first phone next week but whats all this about unlocked phones and how to do get on to another network.... Also what is the best deal for a pay as you go lg kg800 (chocolate) phone....

A) unlock the full potential of your GSM cell phone so that it can be used with any service provider, anywhere in the world. With an unlocked phone, you simply plug in a different SIM card (the small bit inside these larger credit card sized holders) to change service providers. Simple, easy, and instantaneous. http://www.thetravelinsider.info/roadwarriorcontent/unlockingfaq.htm And about lg choc you can check this deal on Mobile Phone Shop online: http://www.directphoneshop.co.uk/describeoffer.asp?dealid=10194

mobile phones?

Q) i'm starting a business and need a wholesale supplier of bulk mobile phones in the uk,the company i was going to use seems to have disappeared so if anyone knows anything about sei mobile company let me know.

A) 2020 Logistics have a poor reputation for handling new accounts and have a very aggresive sales team that are hard to deal with. A good list of distributors is: 2020 Logistics +44 (0)1270 412020 Elite Mobile 01782 645 600 Frequency 3G 020 8397 2222 Unique Distribution 0845 193 1717 Live Telecoms 0870 444 1916 Bear in mind that you will need to trade on credit card before you can open an account with these suppliers. Credit limits and trading terms will always be an issue. To keep up to date with new suppliers in the marketplace, it is essential that you subscribe to the industry press. There are only two magazines you need to read: Mobile News http://www.mobilenewscwp.co.uk/ Mobile http://www.mobiletoday.co.uk/

mobile phones?

Q) i keep seeing the jiggs with new mobile phones when all they do is stand around on street corners. where do these negro bucks get the money to buy these expensive phones?

A) maybe they have a job and earn their money. You never know- why would they be any less likely to have a good salary than any other group??

Mobile phones?

Q) why o why are there so many questions about blo-dy mobile phones on question and answers i hate them just wondering does the world revolve around them i think not well that was a waste of 5 points

A) I agree. How did people ever manage before mobiles were invented? Some people cannot leave the house without them.

Mobile phones?

Q) Now that the law has doubled the fine for using mobile phones while driving, does this apply to bicycle riders too, as they could be a danger in traffic steering their bikes with one hand

A) I dont think they do but they should, as should drink driving laws. Its ridiculous cyclists going home 3 am pissed out of their minds....helmets should be made complusaory too

mobile phones?

Q) mobile phones have video, cameras. mp3 . tv. is there any thing left to put on them. ?

A) Vibrator ?

mobile phones?

Q) does anybody know a good supplier for Sim-Free unlocked mobile phones at a low trade price ?

A) Hi, I think it really depends on how you are going to use the phone, and in what countries, how many bands. I have found that different retailers tend to focus on different phone types/buyers. But some general resources would be:

mobile phones?

Q) why does this government make laws at great expence like using mobile phones in cars/buses etc that cant be enforced

A) Because politicians make the laws. Most of them are lawyers. Give that a little thought

Mobile phones?

Q) I am on contract to T mobile, unfortunately the phone was stolen and I am having problems with the insurance. Can I buy any network mobile and have it changed to T Mobile? I want a Samsung D900 which T mobile do not do on pay as you gp

A) yes, you can get a replacement sim from t-mobile, then try this in your new samsung D900. if it doesn't work straight away, a lot of phone shops and stands offer an unlocking service for about £5 to allow it to work on any network, i.e. orange. The best option, is an O2 phone, they are generally unlocked. or buy from carphone warehouse, they usually have a stock of phones for all suppliers.

mobile phones???

Q) we are debating about advantages and diasadvantages of using mobile phone. one says that it is yes/good because it helps us easy communication but others say that it is no/bad because it develops our laziness. is really cellular phone important?

A)

mobile phones?

Q) is there any sites that tell you how to delete the built in tones and pictures on a motorola v3i mobile phone?help pleez.

A) just type in motorola v3i mobile phone help. I'm sure you can find something.

mobile phones?

Q) i wanna buy a mobile phone but i dont know which one to get...any ideas?

A) Either N73 or Nokia 6230i- both excellent phones. Check out Nokia.com for the the details and pictures.

mobile phones?

Q) which mobile phone do you think is hot?why?

A) Moto Razr

Mobile Phones?

Q) I have a Samsung V200 and in TEXT MESSAGES menu there is a section called CB MEMORY. What is that? Besides from where can I get MY OBJECTS still for the same mobile?

A) Get a nextel pimpin!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

mobile phones?

Q) I would like to buy a new mobile, but I can't decide between the sony ericsson K800i or the samsung d900. Can anyone advise me as which one is better etc? thanks

A) I would recommend the k800i if your looking for a camera phone.As you know, the k800i is a cybershot™ phone thus the quality is very good and it includes a good flash as well.Morever the k800i is 3G.However if you want a lighter phone then you could go for the samsung D900. If you want to see some pictures taken on this 2 phone go to here >>> http://www.gsmarena.com/n73_d900_k800_photo-review-102.php for specification you can go www.gsmarena.com where there is a large database of phone models and specifications as well as some review as well. Hope this help you =)

Mobile Phones?

Q) Whats a monoblock and which would you choose out of these 3 phones (price doesnt matter): Nokia E90, Nokia E65 or Nokia N93? And Nokia 6680 or 6681?

A) I chose the N80 from Nokia. N93 is a big phone for a girl. 6680/6681 are old models no you are better of with a N70 instead of those. I would go for the N series, if you really like the N93 go for it, but it's a bulky phone. E65 is something to consider giving that it has a 5mp camera.

Mobile Phones?

Q) Can you change the sim card in your phone for a different provider? my one is meteor and I want to change to vodaphone can I keep my phone and change the network?

A) If you purchased a phone on a post-paid or pre-paid plans, chances are that the phone is locked to the service provider. In this case, to use the SIM card of a different service provider, you will need for the phone to be unlocked. This can be done by calling Meteor and paying the relative fee, or visiting any phone shop that does unlocking. If you purchased the phone outright (i.e. paid the full price for the phone), it should work with any GSM service provider.

Mobile Phones?

Q) Anong pinakasulit na Nokia or Motorolla phone which has cam?

A) It depends on the model of the phone. Both brands make camera phones

mobile phones?

Q) gotta motorola RAZR v3 black, what do the icons/symbols meen on the main screen, on the left theres 3 boxes like ova lappin each ova n then on the right next to the battery bar there like a lil phone wit spazy fings around it..wt do they mean..?

A) The icon next to the reception bars is the GPRS signal attachment. This means that your device is configured to access the mobile internet and the tower you are currently beinging serviced on is capable of providing that connection. I am assuming that the fuzzy things on the other side is the signal that your phone is on vibrate.

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